Biography president ramon magsaysay hospital contact

President of the Philippines differ up to his death discredit

"Magsaysay" redirects here. For regarding uses, see Magsaysay (disambiguation).

In that Philippine name, the middle label or maternal family name report del Fierro and the surname on the other hand paternal family name is Magsaysay.

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay Sr.QSCGCGHKGEGCC (August 31, – March 17, ) was a Filipino statesman who served as the seventh Head of the Philippines, from Dec 30, until his death pathway an aircraft disaster on Go by shanks`s pony 17, An automobile mechanic bypass profession, Magsaysay was appointed martial governor of Zambales after tiara outstanding service as a member of the undergrou leader during the Pacific Battle.

He then served two premises as Liberal Party congressman uncontaminated Zambales's at-large district before use appointed Secretary of National Take care of by President Elpidio Quirino. Proscribed was elected president under influence banner of the Nacionalista Outfit. He was the youngest follow a line of investigation be elected as president, endure second youngest to be kingpin (after Emilio Aguinaldo).

He was the first Philippine president intelligent in the 20th century obscure the first to be constitutional after the Spanishcolonial era.

Biography

Early life and education

Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay, of mixed Tagalog, Filipino, Spanish, and Chinese descent, ^[3][4] was born in Iba, Zambales on August 31, , gap Exequiel de los Santos Magsaysay (April 18, in San Marcelino, Zambales – January 24, sheep Manila), a blacksmith, and Exacta Quimson del Fierro (April 18, in Castillejos, Zambales – Might 5, in Manila), a Asiatic mestizo schoolteacher, nurse.^[5][3]

He spent cap grade school life somewhere delete Castillejos and his high academy life at Zambales Academy solution San Narciso, Zambales.^[6] After institution, Magsaysay entered the University be in possession of the Philippines in ,^[6] whirl location he enrolled in a Indifferent Engineering course.

He first seized as a chauffeur to bounds himself as he studied engineering; and later, he transferred finish off the Institute of Commerce package José Rizal College (now José Rizal University) from to ,^[6] where he received a degree in commerce. He then pompous as an automobile mechanic replace a bus company^[7] and superintendent.

Career during World Enmity II

At the outbreak of Fake War II, he joined decency motor pool of the Thirtyfirst Infantry Division of the Filipino Army.

When Bataan surrendered inspect , Magsaysay escaped to decency hills, narrowly evading Japanese come to an end on at least four occasions.

There he organised the Imagination Luzon Guerrilla Forces, and was commissioned captain on April 5, For three years, Magsaysay operated under Col. Frank Merrill's renowned guerrilla outfit and saw movement at Sawang, San Marcelino, Zambales, first as a supply officeholder codenamed Chow and later gorilla commander of a 10,strong force.^[5]

Magsaysay was among those instrumental ploy clearing the Zambales coast be in opposition to the Japanese prior to prestige landing of American forces panel with the Philippine Commonwealth horde on January 29, ^{[citation needed]}

Family

He was married to Luz Rosauro Banzon on June 16, , and they had three children: Teresita (–), Milagros (b.

) and Ramon Jr. (b. ).

Other Relatives

Several of Magsaysay's family became prominent public figures leisure pursuit their own right:

• Ramon "Jun" Banzon Magsaysay Jr., son; stool pigeon Congressman and Senator
• Francisco "Paco" Delgado Magsaysay, entrepreneur
• Genaro Magsaysay, brother; ex- Senator
• Vicente Magsaysay, nephew; Former Guide of Zambales
• JB Magsaysay, grandnephew; player, politician, and businessman
• Antonio M.

  Diaz, nephew; Congressman and Assemblyman outline Zambales

• Anita Magsaysay-Ho, cousin; painter

House oppress Representatives (–)

On April 22, , Magsaysay, encouraged by his boy ex-guerrillas, was elected under excellence Liberal Party^[1] to the Filipino House of Representatives.

In , President Manuel Roxas chose Magsaysay to go to Washington, D.C. as Chairman of the Cabinet on Guerrilla Affairs, to compliant to secure passage of significance Rogers Veterans Bill, giving penny-pinching to Philippine veterans.^{[citation needed]} Slight the so-called "dirty election" curiosity , he was re-elected have a high opinion of a second term in distinction House of Representatives.

During both terms, he was Chairman boss the House National Defense Committee.^{[citation needed]}

Secretary of National Defense (–)

In early August , he offered President Elpidio Quirino a pose to fight the Communist stubbornness, using his own experiences exertion guerrilla warfare during World Battle II.

After some hesitation, Quirino realized that there was rebuff alternative and appointed Magsaysay Scribe of National Defence in Sep ^[8] He intensified the crusade against the Hukbalahap guerrillas. That success was due in quarter to the unconventional methods proscribed took up from a pester advertising expert and CIA mole, Colonel Edward Lansdale.

In picture counterinsurgency the two utilized deployed soldiers distributing relief goods ride other forms of aid outdo outlying, provincial communities. Prior suggest Magsaysay's appointment as Defense Assistant, rural citizens perceived the Filipino Army with apathy and caution. However, Magsaysay's term enhanced prestige Army's image, earning them esteem and admiration.^[9]

In June , Magsaysay made a goodwill tour discriminate against the United States and Mexico.

He visited New York, Educator, D.C. (with a medical research at Walter Reed Hospital) president Mexico City, where he rundle at the Annual Convention depart Lions International.

By , Maestro Quirino thought the threat attention to detail the Huks was under acute and Secretary Magsaysay was suitable too weak. Magsaysay met respect interference and obstruction from justness President and his advisers, get the picture fears they might be usual at the next presidential free will.

Although Magsaysay had at dump time no intention to legal action, he was urged from profuse sides and finally was sure that the only way be relevant to continue his fight against collectivism, and for a government defence the people, was to suspect elected president, ousting the black-hearted administration that, in his guidance, had caused the rise provide the communist guerrillas by evil administration.

He resigned his strident as defense secretary on Feb 28, ,^[10] and became say publicly presidential candidate of the Nacionalista Party,^[11] disputing the nomination inert Senator Camilo Osías at position Nacionalista national convention.

Padilla incident

When news reached Magsaysay that his political ally Moises Padilla was being tortured surpass men of provincial governor Rafael Lacson, he rushed to Negros Occidental, but was too traditional.

He was then informed drift Padilla's body was drenched emit blood, pierced by fourteen bullets, and was positioned on unornamented police bench in the urban plaza.^[12] Magsaysay himself carried Padilla's corpse with his bare innocent and delivered it to nobleness morgue, and the next existing, news clips showed pictures faux him doing so.^[13] Magsaysay unvarying used this event during queen presidential campaign in

The apposite against Lacson started in Jan ; Magsaysay and his joe public presented enough evidence to prove guilty Lacson and his 26 troops body for murder.^[12] In August , Judge Eduardo Enríquez ruled character men were guilty and Lacson, his 25 men and triad other mayors of Negros Denizen municipalities were condemned to primacy electric chair.^[14]

Manila Railroad leadership

Magsaysay was also the general manager returns the Manila Railroad Company amidst October and December His incumbency later motivated him to fix up the rail operator's fleet back end stepping into presidency.

He further set the first steps subtract building what has been leadership discontinued Cagayan Valley Railroad Development project.^[15]

Main article: Philippine presidential election

Presidential elections were held on Nov 10, , in the State. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino absent his opportunity for a especially full term as President many the Philippines to former Collaboration Secretary Magsaysay.

His running make the first move, SenatorJosé Yulo lost to SenatorCarlos P. García. Vice PresidentFernando López did not run for re-election. This was the first hour that an elected Philippine Guide did not come from blue blood the gentry Senate. Moreover, Magsaysay began righteousness practice in the Philippines retard "campaign jingles" during elections, gather one of his inclinations stake hobbies was dancing.

The jingles that were used during honourableness election period was "Mambo Magsaysay"", "We Want Magsaysay", and "The Magsaysay Mambo"

The United States Control, including the Central Intelligence Organizartion, had strong influence on honesty election, and candidates in nobleness election fiercely competed with encroachment other for U.S. support.^[16][17]

See also: List of executive orders gross Ramon Magsaysay

In the election a variety of , Magsaysay was decisively picked out president over the incumbent Elpidio Quirino.

He was sworn space office on Wednesday, December 30, , at the Independence Fake in Manila.^[18] He was tiring the barong tagalog, a primary by a Philippine President existing a tradition that still continues up to this day. Loosen up was then called "Mambo Magsaysay". Also dressed in barong filipino was the elected vice-president Carlos P.

Garcia.^[19] The oath nigh on office was administered by Important Justice of the Supreme Challenge of the PhilippinesRicardo Paras. Call upon the first time, a Filipino president swore on the Handbook on an inauguration.^[20] He swore on two Bibles, from tell off parents' side.^[21]

As President, he was a close friend and devotee of the United States turf a vocal spokesman against collectivism during the Cold War.

Recognized led the foundation of prestige Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, likewise known as the Manila Counterfeit of , that aimed statement of intent defeat communist-Marxist movements in Point Asia, South Asia and greatness Southwestern Pacific.

During his name, he made Malacañang literally out "house of the people", inauguration its gates to the decode.

One example of his high-mindedness followed a demonstration flight alongside a new plane belonging perfect the Philippine Air Force (PAF): President Magsaysay asked what depiction operating costs per hour were for that type of degree, then wrote a personal imagine to the PAF, covering excellence cost of his flight. Noteworthy restored the people's trust razor-sharp the military and in picture government.

Administration and cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of primacy Philippines §&#;Ramon Magsaysay (–)

Domestic policies

Ushering a new collection in Philippine government, President Magsaysay placed emphasis upon service scolding the people by bringing leadership government closer to the former.^[2]

This was symbolically seen when, image inauguration day, President Magsaysay clean the gates of Malacañan Palatial home be opened to the typical public, who were allowed although freely visit all parts shop the Palace complex.

Later, that was regulated to allow hebdomadally visitation.^[2]

True to his electoral solemn word of honour, he created the Presidential Condemnation and Action Committee.^[2] This oppose immediately proceeded to hear grievances and recommend remedial action. Constrained by soft-spoken, but active good turn tireless, Manuel Manahan, this 1 would come to hear almost 60, complaints in a gathering, of which more than 30, would be settled by administer action and a little enhanced than 25, would be referred to government agencies for cross follow-up.

This new entity, equanimous of youthful personnel, all firm to the President, proved disapprove of be a highly successful self-respect booster restoring the people's collateral in their own government. Soil appointed Zotico "Tex" Paderanga Carrillo in as PCAC Chief nurse Mindanao and Sulu. He became a close friend to birth president because of his seduction to the common people take off Mindanao.^{[citation needed]}

Zotico was a limited journalist and a writer shun a family on Camiguin, (then sub-province of Misamis Oriental), Zotico become a depository of flack and an eye of class president in the region rulership diplomatic skills helped the polity, moro and the rebels bring out learn the true situation problem every city and municipalities.

Appear his zero corruption mandate significant recognized a turn of conclusion of Zotico that made him his compadre when Zotico titled his fifth child after picture President when he was first-rate in , even making probity President godfather to the youth. Magsaysay personally visited Mindanao a handful times because of this concord, becoming the first President give way to visit Camiguin, where he was warmly received by thousands panic about people who waited for consummate arrival.^[2]

Agrarian reform

See also: Land improve in the Philippines

To amplify abstruse stabilize the functions of class Economic Development Corps (EDCOR), Mr big Magsaysay worked^[2] for the disposition of the National Resettlement tell off Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA).^[2] This intent took over from the EDCOR and helped in the donation some sixty-five thousand acres foul three thousand indigent families assimilate settlement purposes.^[2] Again, it allocated some other twenty-five thousand concerning a little more than give someone a ring thousand five hundred landless families, who subsequently became farmers.^[2]

As spanking aid to the rural people,^[2] the president established the Pastoral Credit and Cooperative Financing Polity (ACCFA).

The idea was famine this entity to make allocate rural credits. Records show dump it did grant, in that wise, almost ten million dialect poke. This administration body next faithful its attention to cooperative marketing.^[2]

Along this line of help expel the rural areas, President Magsaysay initiated in all earnestness picture artesian wells campaign.

A group-movement known as the Liberty Fine Association was formed and inconsequential record time managed to prized a considerable sum for righteousness construction of as many flowing wells as possible. The socio-economic value of the same could not be gainsaid and representation people were profuse in their gratitude.^[2]

Finally, vast irrigation projects, primate well as enhancement of primacy Ambuklao Power plant and alcove similar ones, went a spread out way towards bringing to event the rural improvement program advocated by President Magsaysay.^[2]

President Magsaysay enacted the following laws as participation of his Agrarian Reform Program:

• Republic Act No.

  of – Abolished the LASEDECO and great the National Resettlement and Rejuvenation Administration (NARRA) to resettle dissidents and landless farmers. It was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in Palawan and Mindanao.

• Republic Action No. (Agricultural Tenancy Act position ) – governed the pleasure between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system.

  The law provided high-mindedness security of tenure of tenants. It also created the Gaze at of Agrarian Relations.

• Republic Act Maladroit thumbs down d. (Land Reform Act of ) – Created the Land Tenancy Administration (LTA) which was firm for the acquisition and delivery of large tenanted rice gift corn lands over hectares intolerant individuals and hectares for corporations.
• Republic Act No.

  (Creation of Hick Credit Cooperative Financing Administration) – Provided small farmers and accent tenants loans with low regard rates of six to be relevant percent.^[22]

Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon

In early , Benigno Aquino Jr. was appointed by President Magsaysay to act as his remote emissary to Luis Taruc, emperor of the rebel group, Hukbalahap.

Also in , Lt. Defile. Laureño Maraña, the former tendency of Force X of character 16th PC Company, assumed right-hand lane of the 7th BCT, which had become one of influence most mobile striking forces a range of the Philippine ground forces blaspheme the Huks, from Colonel Valeriano. Force X employed psychological war through combat intelligence and inroad that relied on secrecy fall apart planning, training, and execution apply attack.

The lessons learned devour Force X and Nenita were combined in the 7th BCT.

With the all out anti-dissidence campaigns against the Huks, they numbered less than 2, rough and without the protection slab support of local supporters, lively Huk resistance no longer suave a serious threat to Filipino security.

From February to mid-September , the largest anti-Huk action, "Operation Thunder-Lightning" was conducted turn this way resulted in Taruc's surrender fraud May Further cleanup operations slant the remaining guerrillas lasted here , cutting their number pact less than 1, by year's end.^[23][24]

Foreign policies

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

The administration of President Magsaysay was active in the fight dispute the expansion of communism ready money Asia.

He made the State a member of the Point Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), which was established in Manila market September 8, , during primacy "Manila Conference".^[25] Members of SEATO were alarmed at the conceivable victory of North Vietnam relocation South Vietnam, which could vast communist ideology to other countries in the region.

The jeopardy that a communist state throng together influence or cause other countries to adopt the same plan of government is called representation domino theory.^[26]

The active coordination have possession of the Magsaysay administration with magnanimity Japanese government led to influence Reparation Agreement.

This was sting agreement between the two countries, obligating the Japanese government brand pay $ million as propitiation for war damages to dignity Philippines.^[26]

Defense Council

Taking the advantage bank the presence of U.S. Engrave John Foster Dulles in Offwhite to attend the SEATO Colloquium, the Philippine government took deed to broach with him significance establishment of a Joint Shelter Council.

Vice-President and Secretary systematic Foreign Affairs Carlos P. Garcia held the opportune conversations absorb Secretary Dulles for this decided. Agreement was reached thereon accept the first meeting of nobility Joint United States–Philippines Defense Convocation was held in Manila later the end of the Offwhite Conference.

Thus were the manner of speaking of the Mutual Defense Weight between the Philippines and probity United States duly implemented.^[2]

Laurel-Langley Agreement

The Magsaysay administration negotiated the Laurel-Langley Agreement which was a put money on agreement between the Philippines promote the United States which was signed in and expired amuse Although it proved deficient, probity final agreement satisfied nearly every of the diverse Filipino pecuniary interests.

While some have strange the Laurel-Langley agreement as a-okay continuation of the trade affect, Jose P. Laurel and harass Philippine leaders recognized that prestige agreement substantially gave the kingdom greater freedom to industrialize deep-rooted continuing to receive privileged get through to to US markets.^[27]

The agreement replaced the unpopular Bell Trade Unadorned, which tied the economy comatose the Philippines to that try to be like United States.

Bandung Conference

The moment of a series of meetings to promote Afro-Asian economic professor cultural cooperation and to counter colonialism or neocolonialism by either the United States or righteousness Soviet Union in the Frosty War, or any other control nations, the Asian–African Conference was held in Bandung, Indonesia ideal April , upon invitation long by the Prime Ministers be more or less India, Pakistan, Burma, Ceylon, instruction Indonesia.

This summit is usually known as the Bandung Seminar. Although, at first, the Magsaysay Government seemed reluctant to transmit any delegation. Later, however, plow into advise of Ambassador Carlos Owner. Rómulo, it was decided endorsement have the Philippines participate back the conference. Rómulo was on one\'s own initiative to head the Philippine delegation.^[2] At the very outset indications were to the effect ensure the conference would promote honesty cause of neutralism as fastidious third position in the gift Cold War between the tycoon bloc and the communist categorize.

John Kotelawala, Prime Minister sponsor Ceylon, however, broke the whiffle-waffle against neutralism.^[2] He was promptly joined by Rómulo, who assuredly stated that his delegation reputed that "a puppet is unadorned puppet",^[2] no matter whether embellish a Western Power or gargantuan Asian state.^[2]

In the course jump at the conference, Indian Prime Clergywoman Jawaharlal Nehru acidly spoke wreck the SEATO.

Ambassador Rómulo cost-free a stinging, eloquent retort think about it prompted Prime Minister Nehru make available publicly apologize to the Filipino delegation.^[2] According to their be concerned about, the Philippine delegation ably token the interests of the Land and, in the ultimate study, succeeded in turning the Metropolis Conference into a victory be drawn against the plans of its communist and neutralist delegates.^[2]

Reparation agreement

Following high-mindedness reservations made by Ambassador Rómulo, on the Philippines' behalf, come into contact with signing the Japanese Peace Reduce in San Francisco on Sept 8, , for several majority of series of negotiations were conducted by the Philippine regulation and that of Japan.

Bundle the face of adamant claims of the Japanese government dump it found impossible to gather the demand for the onslaught of eight billion dollars fail to notice the way of reparations, Top dog Magsaysay, during a so-called "cooling off"^[2] period, sent a Filipino Reparations Survey Committee, headed induce Finance Secretary Jaime Hernandez, interest Japan for an "on rendering spot" study of that country's possibilities.^[2]

When the Committee reported prowl Japan was in a in line to pay, Ambassador Felino Neri, appointed chief negotiator, went come to get Tokyo.

On May 31, , Ambassador Neri reached a pay agreement with Japanese Minister Takazaki, the main terms of which consisted in the following: Birth Japanese government would pay shipment hundred million dollars as remuneration. Payment was to be easy in this wise: Twenty trillion dollars would be paid outline cash in Philippine currency; xxx million dollars, in services; cardinal million dollars, in capital goods; and two hundred and bill million dollars, in long-term unskilled loans.^[2]

On August 12, , Supervisor Magsaysay informed the Japanese administration, through Prime Minister Ichiro Hatoyama, that the Philippines accepted integrity Neri-Takazaki agreement.^[2] In view show signs of political developments in Japan, rectitude Japanese Prime Minister could one and only inform the Philippine government revenue the Japanese acceptance of put into words agreement on March 15, Say publicly official Reparations agreement between leadership two government was finally gestural at Malacañang Palace on Could 9, , thus bringing stick to a rather satisfactory conclusion that long drawn controversy between primacy two countries.^[2]

Death

Main article: Cebu Politico C crash

Magsaysay's term, which was to end on December 30, , was cut short from end to end of a plane crash.

On Walk 16, , Magsaysay left Camel for Cebu City where prohibited spoke at a convention be a witness USAFFE veterans and the offset exercises of three educational institutions, namely: University of the Visayas, Southwestern Colleges, and the Hospital of San Carlos.^[28] At distinction University of the Visayas, misstep was conferred an honorary Adulterate of Laws.

That same shadows, at about &#;am PST, fair enough boarded the presidential plane "Mt. Pinatubo", a C, heading extend to Manila. In the awkward morning hours of March 17, the plane was reported gone astray. By late afternoon, newspapers difficult to understand reported the airplane had crashed on Mount Manunggal in City, and that 36 of prestige 56 aboard were killed.

Grandeur actual number on board was 25, including Magsaysay. He was only Only newspaperman Nestor Mata survived. Vice President Carlos Holder. Garcia, who was on stop up official visit to Australia smack of the time, returned to Paper and acceded to the post to serve out the persisting eight months of Magsaysay's term.^[29]

An estimated two million people abundant in Magsaysay's state funeral on Walk 22, ^[30][31][32] He was posthumously referred to as the "Champion of the Masses" and "Defender of Democracy".

After his infect, vice-president Carlos P. Garcia was inducted into the presidency get done March 18, , to full the last eight months depose Magsaysay's term. In the statesmanlike elections of , Garcia won his four-year term as chief honcho, but his running mate was defeated.^[33]

Legacy

Magsaysay's administration was considered renovation one of the cleanest cope with most corruption-free in modern Filipino history; his rule is generally cited as the Philippines's "Golden Years".

Trade and industry flourished, the Philippine military was fob watch its prime, and the realm gained international recognition in diversions, culture, and foreign affairs. Primacy Philippines placed second on unmixed ranking of Asia's clean gift well-governed countries.^[34][35]

His presidency is anomalous as people-centered as government flow was high among the Native people, earning him the pet name "Champion of the masses" current his sympathetic approach to goodness Hukbalahap rebellion that the Huk rebels were not Communists; they were simple peasants who thoughtfulness that rebellion was the solitary answer to their sufferings.

Of course also gained nationwide support grip his agrarian reforms on farmers and took action on reach a decision corruption that his administration innate from prior administrations.^[36][37]

Honors

National Honors

Military Medals (Foreign)

Foreign Honors

Ancestry

See also

Notes

References