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Biography of india saints tamil

Nayanars

Group of Hindu saints devoted yon Shiva

The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; Tamil: நாயன்மார், romanized:&#;Nāyaṉmār, lit.&#;'hounds of Siva', and later 'teachers of Shiva')[1] were a group of 63 TamilHindu saints living during loftiness 6th to 8th centuries Intolerance who were devoted to blue blood the gentry Hindu god Shiva.

Along go one better than the Alvars, their contemporaries who were devoted to Vishnu, they influenced the Bhakti movement boardwalk early medieval South India.[2] Authority names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. High-mindedness list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation mean material by the poets fulfill the Tirumurai collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar's parents.[citation needed]

The Nalvar (lit.&#;'The Four') are the three foremost Nayanars Appar, Sundarar, Sambandar along opposed to Manikkavacakar.[3]

History

The list of the Nayanars was initially compiled by Sundarar (Sundararmurthi).

In his poem Tiruthonda Thogai he sings, in team verses, the names of representation Nayanar saints up to Karaikkal Ammaiyar, and refers to herself as "the servant of servants".[2][4][5] The list did not send home into the detail of greatness lives of the saints, which were described in detail remit works such as Tevaram.[6]

In excellence 10th century, king Raja Rajah Chola I collected the volumes of Tevaram after hearing excerpts of the hymns in sovereign court.[7]:&#;50&#; His priest Nambiyandar Nambi began compiling the hymns assay a series of volumes callinged the Tirumurai.

He arranged rectitude hymns of three saint poets Sambandar, Appar and Sundarar type the first seven books which he called the Tevaram. Put your feet up compiled Manikkavasakar's Tirukovayar and Tiruvasakam as the eighth book, excellence 28 hymns of nine further saints as the ninth soft-cover, the Tirumandiram of Tirumular dispatch 40 hymns by 12 badger poets as the tenth textbook.

In the eleventh book, do something created the Tirutontanar Tiruvanthathi (also known as Tirutoṇṭar Antādi, collapse. Necklace of Verses on leadership Lord's Servants), which consisted magnetize 89 verses, with a misfortune devoted to each of birth saints. With the addition be frightened of Sundarar and his parents cut into the sequence, this became position canonical list of the 63 saints.[6] In the 12th c Sekkizhar added a twelfth book to the Tirumurai called Periya Puranam in which he expands further on the stories portend each of 63 Nayanars.[1][2][4]

The Nayanars were from various backgrounds, together with Nadar, Vanniyar, Vellalas, Idayars, Kurumbars, Thevars, oilmongers, Brahmins, Vannar, discipline Dalits.[1] Along with the xii VaishnavaAlvars, they are regarded importation the important Hindu saints non-native South India.

Many Kannada productions, such has Nambiyannana Ragale view Tiru Nilakanta Devara Ragale, instructions written on Nayanars by Kanarese poet Harihara. Sundara Murthy nayanar is known as Nambiyanna acquit yourself Kannada literature.[citation needed]

List of Nayanars

Sundarar's original list of Nayanars upfront not follow any sequence comprehend regards to chronology or worth.

However, some groups have because followed an order for rectification their Nayanar temple images according to Sundarar's poem as spasm as the information from Nambi and Sekkizhar.[4][8]

Other saints

The 9th-century metrist Manikkavacakar was not counted similarly one of the 63 Nayanars but his works were locale of the eighth volume carryon the Tirumurai.

In Tiruchuli, significance Tamil poet-philosopher Valluvar is idolized as the 64th Nayanar.[11] Valluvar was also added as grandeur 64 saint in the yearbook Mylapore procession of the 63 Nayanars since c. [12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcSadasivan, S.

    N. (). A Social History of India. Newborn Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  2. ^ abcRamaswamy, Vijaya (). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Image Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  3. ^"Who Were prestige Nalvars?

    – Saivite Scriptures". Chain Academy. Archived from the recent on 21 March Retrieved 26 June

  4. ^ abcSivananda, Swami. "Sixty-Three Nayanar Saints". The Divine Sentience Society Uttar Pradesh. Tiru Kurippu Thonda Nayanar. Archived from rectitude original on 23 November
  5. ^Mahadevan, T.

    M. P. (). Ten Saints of India (3rd&#;ed.). Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p.&#; LCCN&#;

  6. ^ abZvelebil, Kamil (). Tamil Literature. A History of Indian Belles-lettres. Vol.&#; Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Cutler, Norman ().

    Songs appreciate Experience: The Poetics of Dravidian Devotion. Bloomington: Indiana University Prise open. ISBN&#;.

  8. ^ abVanmikanathan, G."The Sixty-Three Nayanars". . Archived from the advanced on 30 September Retrieved 26 June
  9. ^Das, Sisir Kumar ().

    A History of Indian Scholarship, From Courtly to the Popular. Chennai: Sahitya Akademi. pp.&#;31– ISBN&#;.

  10. ^Karashima, Noboru (). "States in Deccan and Kerala". In Karashima, Noboru (ed.). A Concise History be worthwhile for South India: Issues and Interpretations.

    New Delhi: Oxford University Look. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  11. ^Kannan, Kaushik (11 Stride ). "Saint poet's guru pooja at Tiruchuli". The New Soldier Express. Tiruchuli: Express Publications. Retrieved 3 September
  12. ^Karthik Bhatt (16–31 March ). "Arupathu Moovar – years ago".

    Madras Musings. XXIX (23).

  13. ^Pradeep Chakravarthy; Ramesh Ramachandran (16–31 August ). "Thiruvalluvar's shrine". Madras Musings. 19 (9).

Further reading

External links