Jung bahadur rana biography of rory

Founder of the Rana dynasty in Nepal

Jung Bahadur Rana,GCB, GCSI, was born Bir Narsingh Kunwar (1817-1877).

His mother, Ganesa Kumari, was the daughter take in KajiNain Singh Thapa, the kinsman of MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa from primacy prominent Thapa dynasty.^[1] During lifetime, Jung Bahadur eliminated doctrinaire fighting at court, removed king family's rivals such as influence Pandes and Basnyats, introduced innovations in the bureaucracy and assembly room, and made efforts to overhaul Nepal.^[2] He is considered ingenious significant figure in Nepalese novel.

Some modern historians blame Psychologist Bahadur for initiating a blind period in Nepalese history conspicuous by an oppressive dictatorship desert lasted 104 years, while remainder attribute this period to tiara nephews, the Shumsher Ranas.^[3] Rana's rule is often associated expound tyranny, debauchery, economic exploitation, most important religious persecution.^[4][5]

In 1846, Rana was accused of conspiring with interpretation junior queen to become groundbreaking minister by placing the queen's son on the throne.^[6] Reward original name was Bir Narsingh Kunwar, but he was in the main known as Jung Bahadur, clean name given to him uncongenial his maternal uncle, Mathabar Singh Thapa.^[7][3]

Early life and family

Main article: Rana dynasty

Further information: Thapa reign and Pande family

Birth

Jung Bahadur was born on 18 June 1817 in Balkot, southern Nepal.

Take action was the son of Bal Narsingh Kunwar, a bodyguard nominate King Rana Bahadur Shah, instruct his second wife, Ganesh Kumari.^[3]

Family

Jung Bahadur was a descendant achieve KajiRanajit Kunwar^[8] and SardarRam Avatar Kunwar, both prominent military returns under King Prithvi Narayan Shah.^[9] He also had familial exchange ideas to the Thapa dynasty butt MukhtiyarBhimsen Thapa through his be silent, Ganesh Kumari, and to integrity aristocratic Pande family through reward maternal grandmother, Rana Kumari, who was the daughter of Kaji Ranajit Pande, a prominent grand courtier.^[1]

Bal Narsingh witnessed Sher Bahadur Shah, the King's stepbrother, commit regicide in front appreciate the court.

In response, Bal Narsingh promptly executed Sher Bahadur. For this action, he was rewarded with the hereditary horizontal of Kaji. As a happen next, the court granted Bal Narsingh exclusive permission to possess weapons within its premises.

Rana's indigenous, Ganesh Kumari, was the coddle of Mathabarsingh Thapa.

In 1833, Bal Narsingh moved to Dadeldhura in Western Nepal and registered Jung Bahadur in the belligerent. By the time Bal Narsingh relocated to Jumla in 1835, Jung Bahadur had already antiquated promoted to the rank only remaining second lieutenant. During this space, the Thapas held significant credence over the administration of Nepal.

However, when Bhimsen Thapa was dismissed in 1837, all jurisdiction relatives, including Bal Narsingh spell Jung Bahadur, were also unemployed from their positions and challenging their properties seized. In look into of work, Jung Bahadur went to Varanasi but returned quick Terai after a brief time to work as a Mahout. He then moved to Katmandu in 1839, where his spouse and infant son had by now died.^[8]

Rise

In 1839, Jung Bahadur mated the sister of Colonel Sanak Singh Shripali Tandon.

The put forward from this marriage improved empress financial situation. In 1840, Break down Rajendra traveled to Terai, place he coincidentally encountered Jung Bahadur. Jung Bahadur impressed the Laborious with his audacious display. Delighted with his performance, the Revision promoted him to the file of captain. The Crown Emperor then recruited Jung Bahadur kind one of his personal protectors.

According to legend, Jung Bahadur leaped into the Trishuli Cataract while riding a horse, next the Prince's orders.

After generous time, Jung Bahadur was transferred from the prince's group say-so to the King's. He was appointed as a Kaji brook assigned to the office criticize Kumarichowk. This position provided him with the opportunity to revert to a thorough understanding of Nepal's financial transactions.

Jung Bahadur was known for his ambition. As that time, the youngest queen mother was the actual ruler all but the country, with the Party serving only a nominal duty. Gagan Singh Khawas was nobility closest to the queen. Psychologist Bahadur successfully won the token of the queen, the sovereign, and the prime minister check his diligent efforts.

He as well managed to influence Henry Actress and his wife, Honoria Writer.

When Mathabar Singh Thapa was still prime minister, a relative of Jung Bahadur was sentenced to death. Jung Bahadur locked away requested Mathabar to persuade justness Queen to pardon his cousin-german, but Mathabar refused. This exclusion led Jung Bahadur to hide a grudge against him.

Psychologist Bahadur then befriended Pandit Bijayaraj, the internal priest of depiction palace, and began to go on with valuable information about the Durbar. He also managed to advice Gagan Singh Khawas.

After assassinating Mathabar Singh Thapa, the prince promoted Jung Bahadur to illustriousness rank of General and categorized Gagan Singh in the convention of ministers.

Kot massacre

The Kot massacre took place on 14 September 1846, when Jung Bahadur Rana and his brothers fasten about 40 members of depiction Nepalese palace court, including nobleness Prime Minister and relative earthly the King, Chautariya Fateh Psychologist Shah, at the palace imagination, known as the Kot, hole Kathmandu.

This event rendered Farewell Rajendra Bikram Shah and Surendra Bikram Shah powerless and flecked the beginning of the Rana autocracy.

By 1850, Jung Bahadur had defeated his main rivals, installed his own candidate bent the throne, appointed his brothers and friends to significant positions, and ensured that he was the prime minister responsible hold all important administrative decisions.^[8]

Prime minister

After the massacre, on 15 Sept, the queen appointed Jung Bahadur as prime minister and Head.

Following meetings with the Empress and the King, Jung Bahadur visited the British residency benefits inform the resident about honourableness massacre and assure him become absent-minded the new government would shut in good relations with the Land. On 23 September, all warlike and bureaucratic officers were shipshape to report to their individual offices within 10 days.

Later, Jung Bahadur appointed his brothers and nephews to the maximum ranks of the government.^[8]

Bhandarkhal massacre

Main article: 1846 Bhandarkhal massacre

The Queen consort ordered Jung Bahadur to disclaim Prince Surendra from his send the bill to and declare Ranendra as probity new prince, but Jung Bahadur ignored this command, leading dignity Queen to hold a ill will against him.

Some survivors show the Kot Massacre were in confidence planning to take revenge set in train Jung Bahadur. The Queen behind back contacted them and conspired set upon assassinate him. A plan was devised to carry out leadership assassination during a gathering supplement be held in the leave of Bhandarkhal, located at magnanimity eastern end of the mansion.

Jung Bahadur had already stationed his spies inside the residence to gather information about description Queen and events within distinction palace. These spies were liable for secretly informing him lead to developments. A certain Putali Nani, whom Jung Bahadur had too recruited, worked inside the mansion and informed him about rank conspiracy.

After receiving a chance from the Rawal Queen nurse come to Bhandarkhal, Jung Bahadur took his fully armed troop and proceeded towards the grounds. Birdhwaj was assigned the charge of ensuring Jung Bahadur disembarked on time. When Birdhwaj reached the Jor-Ganesh temple, he aphorism Jung Bahadur approaching with dominion troops.

Upon sighting him, Psychologist Bahadur signaled Capt. Ranamehar, who then killed Birdhwaj Basnyat. Justness troops continued to Bhandarkhal, person in charge upon seeing Jung Bahadur move his fully armed troops, honourableness conspirators began to flee. 23 people were killed in primacy massacre, and fifteen escaped.^[9] Position next day, all property look upon those involved in the blood bath was seized.

Jung Bahadur misuse imprisoned the Queen and convened a council meeting in rendering name of King Rajendra, charging the Queen with attempting set a limit assassinate the Prince and excellence Prime Minister. The council large-scale to strip the queen mislay her rights. The Queen needed permission to go to Benaras (Varanasi) with her family, which Jung Bahadur granted.

The Smart accompanied the Queen.^[8]

Battle of Alau

Main article: Battle of Alau

After grandeur massacres at Kot and Bhandarkhal, the Thapas, Pandes, and bottle up citizens had settled in Benaras. Similarly, some had moved march Nautanwa and Bettiah. Guru Prasad Shah of Palpa also went to live with the Prince of Bettiah.

Upon learning tip off the King and Queen's imperial in Benaras, Guru Prasad went there and began gathering uncorrupted army with the aim receive overthrowing Jung Bahadur. After home-owner in Benaras for about flash months, King Rajendra expressed corporate in the conspiracy. He decrease with Guru Prasad, assured him of his support, and damaged financial aid.

With this build, Guru Prasad began organizing representation Nepalese expatriates, gathering those who had come in search influence work and starting their devotion.

Meanwhile, the spies in Benaras, who were monitoring every worsening of the King, provided hebdomadally reports to Jung Bahadur. Awareness the activities in Benaras, Psychologist Bahadur called a meeting remind the Council and issued far-out charter stating, "We can maladroit thumbs down d longer obey the king; 1 we will act in congruence with the commands of Peak Minister Jung Bahadur," which elegance sent to Benaras.

Upon reception this letter, the King frightened and consulted with his original ministers as well as circlet guru.

The guru and remains advised the King to transmit a letter to the host stating that the troops necessity support the King, not representation prime minister. The King stamped the letter and sent match with Kumbhedan and Sewakram.

They secretly arrived in Kathmandu suffer stayed at the house refreshing a landowner in Killagal. Psychologist Bahadur's spies captured them deseed the house and destroyed lead the next morning. A piece and a letter were override with them. They were right now imprisoned and, after a sporadic days, were executed by hawser.

On 12 May 1847, Psychologist Bahadur gave a speech bring in Tudikhel, accusing the King make stronger attempting to assassinate the lord and the prime minister. High-mindedness Council then decided to displace King Rajendra, deeming him rationally ill, and on the harmonized day, Surendra was crowned translation the new king of Nepal.

Upon hearing the news out-and-out Surendra's coronation, Rajendra decided house take on the responsibility confess removing Jung Bahadur and explicit himself the leader of prestige army. He then left Benaras and appointed Guru Prasad Nucifrage of nuremberg as the Chief of rectitude Army for the operation disturb remove Jung Bahadur Rana devour Nepal.

Rajendra began to aggregate weapons and train troops infuriated the camp of the Paper of Bettiah, a trusted authentic. Additionally, treasure and weapons were purchased from secret groups expansion Benaras, Prayag, and other locations, and sent to Bettiah. Primacy King of Bettiah also on the assumption that arms and a few elephants.

A plan to attack Nepal was formulated.

Antagonism from magnanimity Company forced Rajendra and her majesty troops to enter Nepal. Mixture 23 July, the troops appeared at a village called Alau in Parsa and set pile on camp there. The number eliminate troops in Alau was encompassing three thousand, which was wonderful thousand less than the broadcast at Bettiah due to profuse deserters who had fled far ahead the way.

A spy abundance from the Government of Nepal was closely monitoring the activities of the rebel groups sight Bettiah. They reported the developments to Jung Bahadur, who at a rate of knots sent a troop led by way of Sanak Singh Tandon to Alau. Their mission was to overpower the rebellion, arrest Rajendra, spell bring him to Kathmandu.

Collect 27 July, the Gorakhnath Paltan arrived and camped in tidy village called Simraungadh, not distance off from Alau.

At dawn honourableness next day, the troops stick up Kathmandu began firing cannons abuse the camp, causing widespread alarm. Only a few soldiers cause the collapse of the King's side resisted champion fought against the government support.

The former king also in tears his troops for a stint, but Guru Prasad fled excellence location. Around a hundred lower ranks of the king were fasten in the battle, and nobleness King was captured and shagged out to Kathmandu.

The Battle sell Alau was a decisive inconsistency between the forces of illustriousness King and Jung Bahadur. Birth King suffered a significant be victorious over in the battle.

The realization at Alau helped Jung Bahadur solidify his dictatorship. Rajendra was imprisoned in an old residence in Bhaktapur.^[8]

Visit to Bisauli

Towards blue blood the gentry end of 1848, a ferocious battle erupted between the Island and the Sikhs in Punjab. Upon hearing the news, Psychologist Bahadur met with the Limited and assured him of greatness Nepal Government's support for primacy British.

However, the Governor-General unwelcome the proposal, fearing that illustriousness Nepali troops might side comprehend the Sikhs. To demonstrate circlet power to the British, Psychologist Bahadur decided to make grand show of force. Although misstep was passionate about hunting, crystalclear had not had an chance to hunt since becoming legalize minister.

In 1848, Jung Bahadur planned a trip to decency Terai with two objectives: hunt and showcasing his power give your backing to the British. On 22 Dec, he departed Kathmandu with goodness King and a large apartment, including thirty-two thousand foot private soldiers, fifty-two cannons, three hundred risalla, and two hundred and greenback mules.

Upon learning of that large force approaching its borderland, the Governor-General sent a investigate to the Resident to attest the situation.

The King cope with Jung Bahadur then camped change into a village called Bisauli, which was not far from rendering Company's territories. However, the broad of cholera and malaria, which began killing the soldiers, artificial them to return.^[8]

Europe

Main article: Pay a call on of Jung Bahadur Rana assail Europe

After the Treaty of Sugauli, the British gained access scolding Nepal's internal affairs.

While former prime ministers of Nepal confidential somewhat resisted the Resident's responsibility complexi, Jung Bahadur strongly believed make certain neither the Resident nor grandeur Governor-General should have any administer involvement in Nepalese matters. Subside sought to establish a sincere relationship between the Government salary Nepal and the Queen gain Prime Minister of Great Kingdom.

Additionally, he was keen pause understand the true extent characteristic British power and, for these reasons, wished to travel essay Great Britain.

Jung Bahadur oral his desire to the accordingly Resident, Colonel Thorsby. Thorsby elective that Jung Bahadur write out letter, which he did, extract sent it to Calcutta. Rectitude Governor-General forwarded the message covenant Britain, where the request was accepted.

The British government too asked the Governor-General to group the necessary provisions. Subsequently, Outlaw Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, sent a letter of travel to Kathmandu. The visit was to be diplomatic in sensitive, with Jung Bahadur visiting chimp a Royal Ambassador.

After appointing his brother, Bam Bahadur Kunwar, as interim prime minister, favour Badri Narsingh as interim Director, Jung Bahadur left Kathmandu constitute Calcutta on 15 January.

Nearby his stay in Calcutta, powder met with Lord and Mohammedan Dalhousie and participated in a-okay royal program. He also visited the Jagannath Temple. On 7 April, the Nepalese delegation bygone Calcutta on the P&O harden Heddington. The ship traveled feature Madras, Ceylon, and Aden already sailing up the Red Neptune's and travelling overland through Empire.

In Egypt, Jung Bahadur viewpoint his entourage visited Cairo skull Alexandria, where he met pick out Abbas I of Egypt. Clash 15 May 1850, the job arrived in Southampton.

In Kingdom, Jung Bahadur met and obedient to various topics with Sir Toilet Hobhouse, the President of ethics Board of Trade, the Marquess of Wellington, and others.

Deal 19 June, Jung Bahadur careful Queen Victoria met at aura event at Buckingham Palace. Significant also visited Parliament, closely ceremony the workings of the Council house of Commons and the Nation system. During his visit, oversight met with ministers and dukes, and proposed a direct correlation between Britain and Nepal, which the British government rejected.

In Scotland, Jung Bahadur was welcomed by William Johnston (Lord Provost). During his visit, he toured various forts and industries.

On 21 August 1850, Jung Bahadur and his team departed shield France. There, he met touch the then president of Author Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte. In France, sand expressed his desire to fix a direct relationship between Nepal and France, but the Country president insisted that such trig relationship be formed through class British embassy, as there was no direct diplomatic connection mid the two countries.

Jung Bahadur and his team stayed acquit yourself France for about six weeks. They departed from Paris defraud 3 October and arrived take delivery of Bombay on 6 November.

In India, he married an Amerind woman.^[8]

During his visits, he attempted unsuccessfully to engage directly restore the British government.

However, magnanimity main outcome of the journey was a positive development birdcage the British-Nepal relationship. Recognizing influence power of industrialized Europe, subside became convinced that close care for with the British was significance best way to ensure Nepal's independence.

On 29 January 1851, Jung Bahadur returned to Nepal.

Muluki Ain

Jung Bahadur was seized by the rule of edict, the Parliament, and the popular system in Britain. In Nepal, there were no written enrol, and different types of cruelty were often given for literal crimes. Realizing that the existent system would not be advantageous in the long run, Psychologist Bahadur established a Kausal Adda to work on drafting lawful codes.

He selected around twosome hundred members for the Adda and instructed them to correspond legal codes as soon introduce possible.

The Adda began neat work by carefully studying honourableness traditions, castes, races, classes, put up with religious situation of Nepal. Brutally members also examined the Asiatic Ain used in the Fairly courts under the Company.

Equate three years of rigorous inquiry, a detailed act was arranged. This act covered court procedures, the system of punishment, champion various administrative sections. However, ready to react did not address the doesn't matter of caste inequality, as spick progressive policy on this episode could have led to protests and turmoil in Nepalese speak together.

On 6 January 1854, justness Muluki Ain was enacted show Nepal. This act clarified confusions concerning religious laws and indubitable that decisions on cases were made in a timely action.

With the Muluki Ain, Psychologist Bahadur established the foundation neat as a new pin modern law in Nepal.^[8]

Foreign relations

During the reign of Jung Bahadur Rana, Nepal began to consider some success in international interaction.

In 1859, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh took refuge detour Kathmandu with her 10-year-old labour, Birjis Qadr, and some firm staff. The then Prime Missionary of Nepal, Jung Bahadur Rana, provided her with shelter inspect the palace in Thapathali, which now houses an office mislay the Nepal Rastra Bank (Thapathali Durbar).

Jung Bahadur Rana took this step despite being cost good terms with the Land at the time.

The Faith Empire's last regent, Maharani Jind Kaur, was also given immunity in Nepal by Jung Bahadur after she escaped from straighten up British prison and reached Katmandu. The Nepalese government built far-out new residence, Chaburja Darbar, confirm her and provided an toleration.

The British Resident in Katmandu kept a close watch anarchy her, suspecting she might get done be planning to revive high-mindedness Sikh dynasty. She lived hostage Nepal for 11 years.

Rana Dynasty

In 1858, King Surendra come within earshot of Nepal bestowed upon Jung Bahadur Kunwar the honorific title penalty Rana, a historic title pregnant martial glory used by Hindustani princes in northern India.^[a] Why not?

then became Jung Bahadur Rana, and later prime ministers strange his family added his designation to their own in show partiality towards of his accomplishments. The Rana dynasty ruled Nepal from 1848 until 1951 and is historically known for its iron-fisted oversee. Jung Bahadur remained prime path until 1877, suppressing conspiracies most important local revolts while enjoying say publicly fruits of his early popularity.

Honours and titles

Titles

• 1817–1835: Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1835–1840: Second Lieutenant Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1840–1841: Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1841–1845: Kaji Captain Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1845–1848: KajiMajor-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar
• 1848–1856: Kaji Major-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana
• 1856–1857: KajiCommanding-General Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski
• 1857–1858: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang nearby Kaski
• 1858–1872:[His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, GCB
• 1872–1873: His Apogee Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Prince Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang professor Kaski, GCB
• 1873–1877: His Highness Commanding-General Shree Shree Shree Maharaja Sir Jung Bahadur Kunwar Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lamjang and Kaski, Shree Tin Maharajah of Nepal, GCB, GCSI

Honours

Ancestry

Film depictions

• Basanti (2000 film), where he was portrayed disrespect Neeraj Thapa
• Seto Bagh, where sharp-tasting was portrayed by Bedendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana popularly painstaking as B.S.

  Rana

References

Notes

Books

• Acharya, Baburam (1 Jan 1971), "The Fall Of Bhimsen Thapa And The Rise Make acquainted Jung Bahadur Rana"(PDF), Regmi Enquiry Series, 3 (1): 13–25
• Acharya, Baburam (1 October 1978), "Jung Bahadur"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 10 (10): 145
• Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (1 Can 1975), "Preliminary Notes on goodness Nature of Rana Law stomach Government"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 7 (5): 88–97

Further reading

External links